Make Sure Today’s Infrastructure Design Supports Tomorrow’s Tech

 

Written by Ron Tellas

 

Just like fiber and copper cabling systems can be certified for performance, smart buildings can be certified for their intelligence and functionality. 

What happens when a smart building doesn’t have a high-performance infrastructure working behind the scenes to handle power and data-transmission needs quickly and efficiently?

 

Bandwidth bottlenecks and latency issues, device and system malfunction, and user inefficiency are sure to be the result.

 

Smart Building Infrastructure Design Considerations

Every smart building is unique based on the goals its owner mapped out (operating-cost improvements, energy-efficiency gains, employee-satisfaction growth, etc.). These distinct objectives help identify the technologies, systems, and devices that should be deployed and integrated throughout the smart building. From there, the right cabling and network infrastructure can be designed to support data access, software platforms, and protocols.

 

Planning a connected infrastructure for a smart building requires many considerations for each application.

 

Cabling and Connectivity

Selecting the right cable type depends on several factors, including performance and bandwidth requirements for current and future applications, distances between telecommunications rooms (TRs) and devices, power requirements, and costs.

 

Most smart buildings rely on a mixture of cabling types:

  • Balanced twisted-pair copper cabling (Single Pair Ethernet or four-pair Category cable)
  • Fiber optic cabling (singlemode or multimode cable)
  • Hybrid fiber-copper cable
  • Specialty cables (RemoteIP Cable, Fault-Managed Power Cable, etc.)

Work Area Outlets vs. Service Outlets

There are two types of work area outlets to consider:

  • Telecom outlets (TOs)
  • Service outlets (SOs)

TOs are used in locations where devices are administered by the user (a laptop or IP phone). SOs connect to more permanent devices that are for a specific application or remain in a certain location (security cameras, wireless access points, etc.). They also support modular plug terminated link (MPTL) topology, which allows horizontal cable to be terminated on one end to an RJ45 plug that connects directly to a device.

 

Pathways and Spaces

ANSI/TIA-569 provides general requirements for pathways and spaces, while ANSI/BICSI-007 covers TR layout and size options. Best practices dictate that pathways and spaces should accommodate future growth of at least 50%. (If you’re renovating an existing facility, however, this isn’t always possible.)

 

Possible scenarios include:

  • A single TR to house telecom equipment and specialty systems, with the core network located in racks in the middle of the room
  • One TR for the core network and one TR for the other systems

Remote Power

Connected devices in smart buildings require low-voltage DC power. PoE and SPoE (Single-Pair Power over Ethernet) that deliver DC power to devices over twisted-pair copper cabling are considered Class 2 power-limited circuits, defined in the National Electrical Code’s Article 725. Class 2 power can also be delivered via hybrid fiber-copper cabling. Some devices, such as those used in professional sound, AV, security, and life-safety systems, are powered via Class 3 power-limited circuits. Both Class 2 and Class 3 circuits limit power-source output.

 

Another way to deliver power to devices in smart buildings is through fault-managed power (FMP), or Class 4 power. In these systems, the circuit is continuously monitored for fault conditions. Fault detection stops the flow of electricity within milliseconds.

 

Like Class 2, Class 4 can be deployed using hybrid fiber-copper cables that bring power and data together over long distances using a single cable run.

 

Evaluate the Connectivity Capabilities of Your Smart Building

Smart-building owners need to not only invest in high-performance infrastructure but also be confident that the infrastructure will operate at its full potential. That way, systems, devices, and people can communicate and connect to the information they need.

 

This confidence comes in the form of certification, achieved through testing which proves that the mission-critical infrastructure operates as intended.

 

Just like cabling systems can be certified for performance, smart buildings can also be certified for their intelligence and functionality.

 

Get to Know SPIRE

SPIRE™ (Smart Buildings Assessment and Rating Program)—a collaboration between TIA and UL Solutions—is an assessment and rating program designed to help owners verify that their building’s systems are integrated to share data and be managed across a single interface.

 

First launched in 2020 and updated in 2023, SPIRE offers a framework that connects owners with technology-agnostic metrics they can use to evaluate building systems, processes, and infrastructure in six areas:

  • Connectivity
  • Cybersecurity
  • Health and well-being
  • Life and property safety
  • Power and energy
  • Sustainability

SPIRE’s connectivity assessment criteria is used to verify the intelligence of the building. It evaluates five areas to make sure the smart building can effectively and efficiently connect and power more people and more IT and OT devices.

  • Media: Assesses the bandwidth and low-power delivery capabilities of media installed throughout the building.
  • Coverage: Assesses support and coverage for IT-OT convergence throughout the building and property.
  • Security: Assesses physical security of building connectivity, infrastructure, and related assets.
  • Expansion: Assesses the ability of connectivity, pathways, and spaces to support expansion.
  • Resilience: Assesses connectivity redundancy and the policies and procedures surrounding the ability of critical operations to continue functioning during an event.

 

Your Resource for ICT Infrastructure in Smart Buildings

Following best practices and standards to design smart building connectivity infrastructure is essential for a futureproof facility.

 

Making the right decisions requires a trusted advisor like Belden. We understand smart buildings and are at the heart of this technology transformation. Our team is here to help you make your smart building safer, more comfortable, more resilient, and more cost-effective.

 

If you want to read more about the topic of designing and selecting ICT infrastructure for smart buildings, read the latest issue of ICT Today, which features an article penned by contributing members of CCCA’s New Technology & Trends Committee, including Belden.

 

Learn more about our smart building solutions.

 

Find the original article here

Cable Testing Tips to Certify Your Copper Cabling System

 

Written by Molly Hunter

 

Following these tips can help ensure that your cable testing results will be accepted and lead to the certification you want for your copper cabling system.

The performance of a copper-based Ethernet cabling system hinges on not only the products selected for installation but also the professionals who install them.

 

If technicians and installers don’t understand the products they install, or they aren’t trained and certified to install those products according to the latest standards and best practices, then the final result likely won’t align with performance expectations. In other words, the owner won’t get the system they paid for.

 

Certified installers know which installation factors matter most when it comes to system reliability. They also make fewer mistakes, and they have a direct line to the manufacturers they work with. If there’s a problem, they can work with the manufacturer to make sure it’s resolved promptly.

 

The Link Between Cable Testing and Certification

If owners want to ensure that their copper cabling installation is done appropriately, the cabling is free from defects, and they won’t face unexpected network performance issues down the road, then cabling-system certification is necessary.

 

Certification is achieved through copper cable testing, which not only proves that the mission-critical infrastructure operates as intended but also gives installers a way to differentiate their work.

 

Belden’s copper cabling products have always been supported by a 10-year product warranty, but when an end-to-end Belden system is installed, these systems are eligible for additional outstanding performance warranties:

  • Product warranties of up to 25 years
  • Lifetime Application Assurance

 

This ensures that the installed copper cabling system will meet or exceed industry standards for 25 years or more, as well as support future standards and protocols. But these performance warranties are only accessible after testing is completed.

 

If you or your customer wants a warranty (and who doesn’t?), then certification is the way to access it.

 

How to Test Copper Cabling Systems

Testing verifies that an installed copper cabling system aligns with standards for performance and installation quality.

 

Cable testing must return a “passing” result for performance parameters like near-end crosstalk, power sum near-end crosstalk, attenuation, and return loss to ensure data-transmission reliability.

 

Following these tips can help ensure that your cable testing results will be accepted and lead to the certification you want:

  • You must use an approved tester brand and model that is recognized by Belden to ensure that the tester meets ANSI/TIA-1152, Requirements for Field Test Instruments and Measurements for Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling.
  • It’s important to choose the right test limit when setting up a testing device. This tells the tester how you plan to test the copper cabling. The appropriate test limit depends on specific customer testing requirements, the test limit required by the manufacturer, the types of cables and connectors used, etc.
  • According to TIA standards, the tester must be calibrated regularly (typically every 12 months). If you haven’t calibrated the device in a few years, then certification will not be granted based on the test results.
  • To ensure that you test to the latest standards, use the most recent version of the testing software available from the tester manufacturer.
  • Keep dates in mind. For example, Belden issues warranties based on the invoice date. If the system was invoiced on Nov. 1, then that is when the warranty will begin. The certification process extends the warranty from our terms and conditions limitations.

 

Permanent Link or Channel Link Testing?

Channel link testing refers to testing the connection from one active device to another, including patch cords (a patch cord from the outlet to an end device, for example).

 

Permanent link testing verifies the performance of only the fixed portion of the channel—not the entire channel. This means it does not include patch cords.

 

For warranty purposes, you should always test the performance of the channel. While permanent link testing can be done as well, not including the patch cords when testing the entire channel may lead to unexpected results. Why? Because the channel is focused on the foundation of the network.

 

If a permanent link uses high-quality patch cords, then that channel will pass, and only the permanent link needs to be measured. If non-Belden patch cords are used, then the channel test may result in failure due to these poor-quality patch cords. While the permanent link may be perfect, connecting it to poor-quality patch cords degrades the performance quality.

 

Do LinkIQ Test Results Count?

Recently, Belden has seen an increase in LinkIQ test results being submitted for certification—but these results won’t qualify a copper cabling system for a warranty.

 

LinkIQ is a network test that is not an ANSI/TIA-1152-approved tester. The test provides a snapshot in time to say whether a packet (or packets) of data can be sent. It does not measure other cabling performance characteristics that ensure long-term reliability.

 

It analyzes system performance at any moment in time, depending on network conditions like throughput, jitter, latency, etc. While this type of cable testing holds value in many situations, it doesn’t provide enough information for certification.

 

Prepare for Proper Cable Testing

Owners and installers want worry-free cabling systems that perform like they should from the very beginning—and they also want warranties to reduce risk, guard against defects, and protect investments. Properly testing copper cabling for certification is the only way to meet these objectives.

 

Just like with system installation, cutting corners during testing can result in network downtime, wasted resources, and lost revenue.

 

Belden wants to make sure that you’re equipped to conduct tests in the best, most efficient way possible to gather the information required for certification. If you have any questions about this topic, or want to learn more about how we certify our copper cabling systems, please send us a note.

 

Find the original article here

Single Pair Ethernet: Industrial Automation Stakeholders Weigh In

 

Written by Dr. Michael Hilgner, Lukas Bechtel, Cornelia Eitel

 

Meet the stakeholders involved in Single Pair Ethernet decision-making: They help determine whether SPE is right for your industrial automation application.

As Single Pair Ethernet (SPE) extends the use of Ethernet technology beyond automotive applications to sensors and actuators in industrial automation, SPE becomes more visible to and accessible by various user groups.

 

In a recent blog, we covered the five technical SPE features that leaders in industrial environments can use to determine the relevance of the technology for their specific applications. These features include:

  • Seamless communication
  • High bandwidth
  • Long transmission distances
  • Remote power capabilities
  • Installation flexibility

 

But deciding whether to deploy SPE is rarely this simple. The decision to use Single Pair Ethernet is often made by a group of stakeholders with differing priorities and opinions on which SPE features and benefits are most critical or relevant.

 

Below, we introduce the stakeholders who are typically involved in the SPE decision-making process, as well as their specific interests and opportunities when it comes to SPE technology.

 

Construction and Installation Professionals

Communication technology choices have a major influence on the decision to move forward with SPE. Weight, cable routing, installation of data and power cabling, maintenance, and fire protection must be taken into account.

 

In some applications, SPE offers advantages over today’s physical transmission standards:

  • SPE cables can reduce weight compared to other types of copper-based cabling.
  • With a small outer diameter and bend radius, SPE can simplify cable routing.
  • In harsh industrial environments, copper-based transmission, such as SPE, offers durability advantages over fiber-based systems.
  • Thanks to SPE’s remote power capabilities, a single data cable can be used to transmit data and provide power. This can be achieved similar to Power over Ethernet (PoE) via the data pair or by using hybrid cables.

 

Construction of a train is an application where SPE may be beneficial: This is a weight- and space-sensitive environment that exposes cables to harsh conditions. Here, the use of SPE cables for networking control, monitoring systems, and passenger information systems within the train offers significant advantages.

 

Smaller, lighter-weight cables streamline cable routing, take up less space on the train, and increase flexibility for trouble-free installation. This significantly reduces the overall weight of the train, which improves energy efficiency and performance (a lower mass makes it easier to accelerate and decelerate).

 

The cables do not break easily in tight installations or under vibration. At the same time, SPE’s remote power capabilities use data-transmission cables to enable an efficient power supply for sensors, cameras, and displays.

 

The result: better operational efficiency, safety, and passenger experiences.

 

Network Administrators

Once a system is installed, a network administrator must distribute the addresses and authorizations of the communication participants in the network.

 

SPE’s features of seamless communication and remote power play a central role in simplifying network installation and maintenance while supporting common security mechanisms. Seamless communication simplifies integration and management of network components by providing a unified, IP-based communication platform to the sensor/actuator level.

 

This reduces the complexity of network commissioning and supports the efficient application of security mechanisms, such as IEEE 802.1X, and enables end-to-end authentication and encryption across all network levels. SPE’s remote power supply also helps streamline the installation and maintenance of devices by eliminating the need for separate power cables, which is particularly useful when setting up network components in hard-to-reach or remote areas.

 

An example of this can be found in the creation of a secure network in a large warehouse, where SPE is used to integrate a variety of surveillance cameras and access control systems.

 

By using SPE, these devices can be easily connected to data and power over a single cable, significantly reducing installation costs and complexity while facilitating compliance with security standards through IEEE 802.1X to ensure secure and reliable network operation. However, for network-enabled devices, this calls for extra effort in implementing the required functions compared to fieldbuses and potentially requires more hardware resources, such as computing power or memory.

 

Application Programmers

The seamless communication and bandwidth features of SPE are particularly important for application engineers who are involved in programming systems and carrying out factory acceptance tests (FATs). SPE supports efficient, end-to-end IP-based communication, which enables direct and uncomplicated networking of sensors, actuators, and control units.

 

This simplifies the programming and integration of system components, as there are fewer restrictions in terms of compatibility and connectivity. For example, an application engineer can switch flexibly between sensor manufacturers without having the connection as a central selection criterion. At the same time, the switch from fieldbus to Ethernet technology provides end devices with more bandwidth so that additional diagnostic data can be retrieved.

 

In contrast to four- and eight-wire Ethernet connections, SPE enables the use of compact connectors and lighter cables. Compared to fieldbuses, however, SPE requires the implementation of a complete IEEE network stack, which creates additional development costs. Standards development organization ODVA has accepted this challenge and has responded with a reduced functional scope of EtherNet/IP for devices with severe hardware limitations (“constrained devices”). This includes CIP Security with pre-shared keys and control data exchange exclusively via UDP.

 

Application Operators

For application operators tasked with the control, maintenance, and servicing of systems, the remote power and seamless communication features of SPE play a central role.

 

Remote power makes it possible to supply end devices, such as sensors and actuators, with power via Ethernet cables, which simplifies installation and maintenance, especially in difficult-to-access or large-footprint areas.

 

This becomes even more important in the context of remote monitoring and control of installations that use SCADA systems, which require reliable and parallel communication for process control and monitoring. The seamless communication offered by SPE is crucial here to ensure uniform IP-based networking to the sensor/actuator level.

 

This end-to-end connectivity not only facilitates the integration of different system components but also supports the parallel transmission of control commands and real-time data acquisition for SCADA systems.

 

A concrete example of this is the remote control and monitoring of a distributed power generation system. By using SPE, application operators can monitor the output of solar panels and wind turbines in real-time and simultaneously send control commands to inverters and load management systems, ensuring optimum energy yield.

 

The combination of remote power supply and seamless communication enables efficient, reliable, and cost-effective operations management, which is essential for modern infrastructure management. Until now, remote monitoring and control has not been implemented directly with sensor data, but the controllers in the processes have provided aggregated data to SCADA systems. This reduces demand for the sensors in fieldbus applications but requires regular adaptation of the control programs to extract current data.

 

Data Scientists

For data scientists involved in plant-wide data analysis, predictive maintenance, and control optimization, SPE’s bandwidth and seamless communication features are particularly important. The high bandwidth of SPE enables the fast transmission of large amounts of data required for analysis and machine learning. This is crucial for gaining real-time insights and developing accurate predictive models. Seamless communication also facilitates the integration of data from disparate sources via a unified interface, reducing the complexity of data collection and enabling more comprehensive data analysis.

 

A practical example of this is the optimization of production processes in a manufacturing plant. A data scientist can use SPE to collect data from sensors on machines at high frequency and use this information to develop predictive maintenance algorithms. By analyzing this data, potential failures can be detected, and maintenance work can be proactively planned before unplanned downtime occurs.

 

The combination of high bandwidth and seamless communication enables efficient data collection and analysis, leading to a significant increase in plant availability and optimization of operational processes. In current fieldbus environments, sensor connections are isolated by controllers that act as gateways. As a result, data scientists cannot retrieve the sensor data in the required resolution. This limitation restricts their role in current fieldbus environments.

 

Belden’s Focus on SPE

As industry-specific SPE variants continue to be standardized through IEEE 802.3 and stakeholders consider the technology for their industrial automation applications, Belden will help lead the charge in bringing Single Pair Ethernet to industrial automation applications so plants can reap the benefits.

 

Our Single Pair Ethernet portfolio of cabling and connectivity products is designed to optimize Ethernet connection possibilities in harsh environments, including industrial and transportation operations.

 

Find the original article here

Data Center Trends Driven by Faster Speeds and More Bandwidth

 

Written by Belden

 

Data centers are moving toward 400G, 800G and 1T connections. Find out what this means for future data center trends, fiber use and network architecture.

Data center bandwidth continues to climb—and it’s not coming back down any time soon.

 

New technology and applications call for faster speeds. From where we stand today, the industry is moving quickly toward 400G, 800G and even 1T connections (and higher). According to Henkel’s 2024 Data Center Pulse Report, nearly 70% of data center and telecom professionals around the globe have adopted some form of 800G technology (with varying levels of success), and 33% believe the industry will fully transition to widespread use of 1.6T in just one to two years.

 

What does this mean for data centers in the future? For starters, faster speeds equal more fiber. In Getting Granular on Connectivity, a recent webinar led by Data Center Dynamics, Belden Vice President of R&D and Strategy Andrew Oliviero shared his thoughts on data center trends. During the discussion, he explains and explores the connection between data center bandwidth and the need for more fiber.

 

We recapped some of the highlights below, but you can watch the full discussion any time.

Making Data Center Predictions

To support higher data rates, data center trends will involve many upcoming changes. During the Data Center Dynamics webinar, we discussed some of our predictions:

  • As lane rate per wavelength starts to plateau, duplex links are being replaced with parallel links that can offer more fiber-pairs per link.
  • Instead of Top of Row (ToR) layouts, we’ll see more Middle of Row (MoR) and End of Row (EoR) switches with optical switch-to-server interconnects, especially in cloud and hyperscale environments.
  • Historically, data center switch investments have been focused on front-end networks. With the increasing use of AI, however, data center workloads will require new back-end infrastructure driven by high-speed Ethernet or InfiniBand transmission protocol.

 

Multimode and Singlemode Fiber Both Matter

According to the Ethernet Alliance’s Ethernet Roadmap, singlemode deployment hovers between 50% and 60%, and it rises every year.

 

As a result, some industry professionals have been anticipating a slowdown in multimode fiber installation. For now, however, this data center trend isn’t taking hold. Multimode fiber is keeping pace with singlemode—and the Ethernet Roadmap indicates that it will continue to do so for quite some time. For example, many of today’s hyperscale data centers still use multimode fiber links for some of their applications.

 

Although multimode is still relevant, it’s critical that data centers begin to prepare now for the increase in singlemode fiber that will be necessary to accommodate more data transmission and faster speeds.

 

To support these connections, data centers will also need the right components in place. Future networking technologies will continue to drive the importance of high-density fiber optic cable and connectivity, such as:

  • High-density optical distribution frames that support optimal space utilization, scale as business grows and changes, protect signal integrity and support multiple fiber configurations.
  • Multifiber connectors (MPOs) and cassettes that can support the rapid deployment of high-density infrastructure.
  • Ribbon fiber, which saves space and installation time in data centers.
  • Breakout assemblies that can break out to multiple ports to support varying speeds.
  • VSFF (very small form factor) connectors that feature a compact, space-saving design to improve data center density.

 

Changes in Network Architectures

With more data and faster speeds also come different network architectures.

 

Especially in enterprise networks, devices have historically been connected to aggregation switches that then connected to a layer 3 core switch and router.

 

This traditional three-tier hierarchical architecture accommodates traffic between servers that are connected to the same access switch; however, traffic between different access switches transmits through higher-level switch tiers in a north-south pattern. This creates speed and latency differences, which can lead to performance problems in data centers.

 

Today, the industry is migrating to a much simpler, two-tier architecture, where aggregation switches connect directly to spine switches. Called leaf-spine architecture, this approach eliminates a layer of hardware, improves latency and supports better port utilization.

 

Every leaf switch connects to every other leaf and spine switch. To evenly distribute traffic among top-tier switches, the transmission path is chosen randomly. If a switch fails, then performance degradation is minimal (but there are also more fiber connections that must be managed).

 

To connect leaf and spine switches, cross-connect architecture is a popular approach. It uses patch panels that mirror the leaf-switch ports and are connected by permanent cabling instead of by patch cords. This allows data centers to easily change which leaf switch port connects to which spine switch port.

 

Optimizing Data Center Investments

As data center bandwidth gathers speeds, Belden will continue to work with its customers to find systems and innovations that support holistic and client-specific solutions to enable scalability, customizability, high density and modularity.

 

We excel at not only helping data centers prepare for higher speeds and new media types but also finding ways to optimize investments in pre-existing infrastructure to reduce future expenses.

 

Find the original article here

Copyright © 2024 Jaycor International
Engineered by: NJIN Agency
This is an Archive Page